Personal Reflection In Early Childhood Education - 1907 Words

Although I have worked with children for the past six years in a childcare setting and gained a diploma in early childhood education and care, I learnt so much from being in a school based environment. I feel though that my previous experience did aid me in this practicum however. I already knew that play is an integral part of a young child’s learning and how those children need to feel safe, secure, and cared for as well as being educated. Knowing that the bond between a teacher and child is a vital part of being able to educate them well, allowed me to focus on building those relationships with the children and getting to know who they are, what they like and how they react to different situations before trying to teach them. I knew I†¦show more content†¦My mentor and her co-teacher that took the class on Thursdays and Fridays were so good to me in my time there and were a fantastic support, allowing me to plan relevant and inclusive lessons that would suite all the children’s levels as much as possible. They gave me so much advice and support during my time there that I feel incredibly lucky to have had them, they have hearts of gold and work wonders with these children in particular, in fact the whole staff body of the school was extremely supportive of me and were more than happy to give me tips and suggestions to help me on my journey. The students, although complicated in many ways, were beautiful children and I grew to love them all, I am very sad that I did have to leave them in the end. The families I did not get to know very well, with only two or three parents coming into the classroom in the mornings and afternoons. Those parents however that I did get to talk to were very nice and gave me a good insight into their child and family life and I enjoyed getting to know them. By the end of my practicum, I really felt like I was a part of the school and that I belonged there, I really did not want to leave. I just wanted to s tay and try and help these children as much as I could and try and fill in the gaps as much as possible. Lesson planningShow MoreRelatedMy Reflection Of A Personal Early Childhood Education Philosophy878 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I have developed a personal early childhood education philosophy statement. I will reflect and discuss my personal learning philosophy through topics such as: the purpose of education, how children learn best, what should be included in the curriculum, what environment children learn best in, what needs must be met for children to grow and learn, and how I can meet those needs. Every interaction with a child is important, and helps them to grow and develop. I want to create positiveRead MoreEssay about Early Childhood Education Field1117 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Due to an increased demannd for standards and accountability in the early childhood education field, policy makers have increasingly turned to the development of effective professional practice among early childhood educators (ECEs) as the predominant approach in securing better outcomes for children. 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The presented literature explores the origins of transformative learning theory, the importance of aRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essays1052 Words   |  5 Pages EDUCATIONAL THRORISTS Early Childhood Curriculum â€Æ' Contents Introduction 2 Principles and Philosophy 2 Common and Differences 2 Contributions 3 Personal Reflections 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction In this assessment I will be talking about the principles and philosophy of Frobel and Montessori, what they have in common and differences, there contributions to Siolta and my own thoughts in relation to early childhood education and their impact on the learning environment Principles and PhilosophyRead MoreChildren With Multicultural And Diverse Experiences849 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Early childhood providers do many difficult tasks. The hardest task is to provide the children with multicultural and diverse experiences. Since the beginning of time, the extended families, clans, and the communities raised the young children. Even today, many early childhood programs and family child care institutions tend to be similar and homogeneous to the children’s home backgrounds. The common criteria parents use to choose the early childhood programs, and the child care facilitiesRead MoreInternational Perspectives on Early Childhood Education1070 Words   |  4 Pagesof the implications of quality experiences in the early years has resulted in a growing interest in early childhood education. Subsequently, this has generated an interest in differing examples of early childhood curriculums. The following essay will critique the international approach, Te Whà £riki and compare the New Zealand educational system to the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum of the United Kingdom. The essay will include reflection upon the similarities and differences of theseRead MoreEarly Life Experiences Impact The Person Across Their Lifespan930 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan† is conveyed in the Jane Piaget theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ (1936) and Erik Erikson theory ‘Psychosocial stages’ (1950). Piaget argued that children develop knowledge by constructing their experience and observe with their own ideas about how the thing works.(Burton, L.J., Westen, d. Kowalski, R.M. 2015) He developed 4 stages of his theory: Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage and Formal

Cja344 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice - 2141 Words

Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice Paper YOUR NAME HERE University of Phoenix Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice CJA344 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice Paper â€Å"Delinquency is defined as the total prevalence of delinquent acts during the past12 months. The delinquency scale was adopted from the delinquency scale currently utilized in the Monitoring the Future Study of United States students that has been ongoing since1975† (Benschop, Harrison, Korf, amp; Erickson, 2006, p. 67). Race and ethnicity play a significant role in juvenile delinquency. As we grow up we are and become a product of our environment. Race and ethnical background play huge roles in who we are, how we are raised and what kind of life we†¦show more content†¦Children go through many different changes as they grow older. Some of these changes are not for the good either! Children want to be accepted, and in many cases this means committing wrongful acts to fit in. Generally the crimes start as small or non-violent crimes and escalate. Common Crimes of Our Youth if you had to look at all the juvenile delinquents in our society and guess what the most common crime is what would your guess be; theft, vandalism, assault, battery, murder? These would all be good guesses but are in fact incorrect. Drum roll please, and the correct answer is substance abuse, also known as drug use. The biggest issue that our communities are facing is our juveniles using drugs and this leading into the more severe violent crimes. â€Å"In 1997, courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of nearly 1.8 million cases nationwide for delinquency alone representing over one million individual juveniles who came into contact with the court that year. Many of these youth have alcohol, drug, or mental health (ADM) problems† (Breda, August 14, 2004, p. 3). 1.8 million Cases of drug related cases are a clear indicator of where our juvenile’s problems begin. The biggest issue that this creates is that the alcohol and substance abu se that surrounds our youth has been proven to be a gateway into more serious crimes. â€Å" Floridas population of 10 to 17-year-olds decreased 2% between 2006 and 2010. As of August 2010, Floridas population of 10 to 17

FDI in Pakistan Telecom Sector free essay sample

Introduction: This work is only done for the Admission in PHD. This proposal is conduct only for the aim of PHD. This chapter will demonstrate a very brief overview of this research and also shows overall objectives of the research. There is also including literature review of previous studies, secondary research (journals, survey and previous study) and primary research (interviews of telecom companies, government officials and telecom consultancy agencies in Pakistan. In this paper researcher also mention the associate risk with foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecom sector. Finally recommendations review the whole research structure and very helpful work for new foreign investors to enter into the new market of Pakistan in Telecom sector Background: Telecommunication is the exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means. The simplest mean is communication between two different places. This arrangement is called telecommunication. The Internet and telephones are major examples of telecommunication. Telecommunication sectors are based on six major segment, Internet services, wireless local loop sector, mobile sector, payphone services, fix line sector and voice over IP. Telecommunication started from 1947 and in Pakistan telephone and telegraph department established in 1962. In 1991 PTCL (Pakistan telecommunication corporation) took over function and operation from Pakistan telephone and telegraph department. In Pakistan first mobile company (Mobilink) started his operation in 1994. Other major competitors are Warid (Abu Dhabi group) Ufone Zone (China mobile company) Telenor (Norway) Major Foreign direct investment in telecommunication sectors has been arrived from cellular companies, that’s are mention on above. Then later these companies also invested into the Internet, new 3g technologies and voice over IPS. These companies still earning a good profit and there is still good capacity into the Pakistani market. Pakistan telecom sector is very developing and flourishing industry (Union, 2007-2008). This sector was very developed in the regime of ex president of Pakistan Pervaiz Musharaf and on that time mobile phone was necessity. The difference of 1994 to 2011 was easily judge by visiting the market or sees the total number of subscribers. Therefore this research will look in details the factors that have resulted for the large inflow of foreign direct investments in Pakistan telecommunication sectors. It will also look the economy growth and GDP effects with these foreign direct investments. It will also give some information about the associated risk with the foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecom sector. This research is very help full for recommendation the suitable new entry mode for foreign investors in telecom sector of Pakistan. FDI (Foreign Direct investment): According to the international monetary fund, â€Å"foreign direct investment, commonly known as FDI, refers to an investment made to acquire lasting or long-term interest in enterprises operating outside of the economy of the investor. â€Å" 1The investment is direct because the investor, which could be foreign person, company or group of entities, is seeking to control, manage or have significant influence over the foreign enterprise In this globalised world only foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important source of economy growth. Normally economists consider FDI is phenomenon for developed country but in last two decades FDI inflow towards developing countries were surprising (Nunnenkamp, 2001). The main factors that attract FDI towards developing countries are infrastructure, political stability, natural resource, cheap labour, and government incentive for foreign investors. Pakistan is developing country with world largest six populations. In last  ten years unprecedented increases inflow of FDI, the GDP has grown at an average of 7.0 %. In the last few years Pakistan have received record inflows of FDI in telecommunication sector. According to (BMI, 2008) Pakistan telecommunication sectors attract FDI estimate US$ 1.824 million out of 1.8 billion, which accounts 54% of the total FDI and telecommunication sectors received 35% of FDI. Pakistan telecom sector has emerged one of the fastest growing telecom. (BMI, 2008) According to state bank of Pakistan investment in telecommunication sectors helps to increase the GDP. In 2007 telecom sector generate total Rs. 235,613 million revenue and telecom sector contributing 2% GDP out of 7% to government of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan is earning good revenue from those companies in the form of taxes and duties. Which is very positive effect on Pakistani economy. Research Objective: To critical analyze the foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecom sector and its affect on economy growth. We will also look some risk associate with this foreign direct investment. This study will help for new foreign investors to invest there capital in Pakistan telecom sector. In Pakistan there is still 36% free market available for new foreign investor in telecom sector. There is still research gap in previous study that how Pakistan attract more foreign investor in telecom sector? During this thesis researcher want to full fill the research gap. Research Questions The research will answer the following questions: 1. What are the determinants of foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecom sector? 2. How foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecom sector affects on economy in Pakistan? 3. What are the risks associate with foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecom sectors. 4. What recommendations make for Pakistan telecom sector to attract foreign direct investment? 5. In Pakistan telecom sector, what is suitable entry mode for new foreign investors? Literature Review: This chapter will provide detail aspects of theoretical background of  research. It will also demonstrate in detail the factors that influence the foreign direct investment in developing countries and specific sectors. It will also tell the associated risk with foreign direct investment. Foreign Direct Investment: â€Å"Foreign direct investment usually involves the establishment of the firm’s own control over raw materials, components, production, distribution and marketing facilities abroad† (Bartels Pass, 2000). On the other hand foreign direct investment can be defined as An investment involving a long term relationship and reflecting a lasting interest and control by a resident entity in one economy (foreign direct investor or parent enterprise) in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that of the foreign direct investor (FDI enterprise or parent enterprise or foreign affiliate)† (United Nations, 2006) Foreign direct investment enables the investor to take a control of the enterprise and activities, production, distribution, raw material, marketing and infrastructure (Daniels et al., 2004). There are number of theories that have been motives for foreign direct investment. Theory of trade and investment and marketing form the basis for these theories. The bot h theories give a complete understanding the reasons for foreign direct investment. Or any particular kind of foreign direct investment, but there is no complete theory of foreign direct investment (Harrison, Dalkiran and elsey, 2000). International advantage: According to Dunning (1973, 1979 and 1981). It is very profitable steps for companies that they cross their border and go to other markets for expanding there business and local company to international business. Internalization advantage arises because foreign direct investment allows a firm to remain or become integrated (Harrison, Dalkiran and Elsey, 2000). Company’s can Achieved cheap labour, batter quality raw materials and local government incentives. Infrastructure: Infrastructure in developing countries mean well developed networks of road, power supply, internet and telephone access, water supply, airport, train networks, transport and natural resource are the ingredients that attract  the foreign direct investment (Khan and Kim, 1999). Morisset (2000) argue that good infrastructure attract more foreign firect investment as compare to countries having poor infrastructure. Table : Host Country Determinants of FDI Natural Resources: In host country the availability of natural resource and access plays vital role to attract the foreign direct investment. Harrison Dalkiran and Elsey (2000) argue that location; cheap labour and availability of natural resource and Location affects foreign direct investment decision. So attracting the foreign direct investment natural resources are very important. Political stability:  Political instability is big thread for foreign direct investment for developing countries. Political instability provides a hostile environment for foreign corporations, discouraging their investment (Bennett and green, 1972). Basi (1963) argue that political instability is a big factor to change the decisions for foreign investors. There is positive relationship exists between foreign direct investment and political stability. Labour Cost: Multinational enterprise transfers all their production into developing countries where labour is very cheap and skilled and as well hard worker. Cheap labour reduced the total production cost. Aqeel and Nishat(2004) argue that high nominal wages discourage foreign direct investment. There is negative relationship between foreign direct investment and high labour cost. In Pakistan there is very skilled labour and that’s what foreign telecommunication companies get benefits. Foreign direct investment Risks: Developing countries despite their investor friendly policies pose different kind of risks and threats for foreign investors. According to Meldrum (2000), when foreign direct investment takes place, certain risk involves because of the domestic or national business. There are basically three major risk involves to attract foreign direct investment: 1) Political risk 2) Economical risk 3) Currency risk. Political risk: Political risk is major risk for the owner of foreign direct investment. These risks involve the risk of losing revenue or incurring costs due to changes in the political environment of the country (McDonald, 2007). Most of developing countries are suffering with political risks because Army take over the government and dictator freezes all foreign currency accounts and make restriction to transfer money outside the country. Economic Risk: â€Å"Economic risk involves a sudden change in the economic structure and the growth rate thus causing a significant change in the profitability of the investment† (Meldrum, 2000). Economic risk arises from the unfavourable changes in economic policies (wealth distribution, fiscal, monetary). Sanctions on trade or export on any other country will affect the economy. Foreign investors scared and they don’t want to invest on those countries. Currency Risk: Currency risk or exchange rate risk involves a sudden change in currency regime of a country such as change from fixed to floating exchange rate (Meldrum, 2000). Depreciation of home country currency also involves the currency risk. Methodology: Research methodology is the way to carry out the data including research, philosophy, purpose of research, data analysis and data collection. The research onion described by Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill (2006) is used to analyse the philosophy, approach, purpose and strategy of research. Research strategy: The best suitable strategy for this research is case study: According to Robson (2002), â€Å"case study is a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real time context using multiple sources of evidence† Qualitative Method: Qualitative research method is a very perfect tool to analysis the research (Gummesson, 2000). This method is very useful, where the aim is to undercover and understand a phenomenon about which is little known. In Pakistan there is not much research conduct on foreign direct investment in Pakistan telecommunication sector so qualitative method is suitable to apply. Qualitative data enable the research to explore more and in detail understanding the issues. Data Source: There is two type of data source. 1) Primary source 2) Secondary source Primary data: Primary research will be use to analysis the Pakistan telecom industry. It will also answer to some extent, the important question of what sort of entry strategies firms are using to invest in telecom sector in Pakistan. In primary source there is no data available. Hence the research has to start from scratch. That’s why research prepaid some question and conducts interviews and made some survey to collect the data and analysing the data. The main sources of collecting the primary data are Interviews of telecom companies’ officials and top-level management, PTA (Pakistan telecom authority) official Telecom consultancy agencies management in Pakistan Secondary Data: In secondary data there is enough material or data available for researcher, the data available from other source like publishers, newspaper, online journals, official websites and companies’ annual reports. There is advantage and disadvantage for both methods. Primary research is very more time consuming and very costly and some time researched does not need that information. While some secondary research may not suitable for researcher because data figures change significantly by time. In this research secondary data is suitable for researcher, so researcher decide to use secondary research method for this work.

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