Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Virgin Essay

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Virgin - Essay ExampleIn order to understand the strategic victimization history of Virgin, it would be necessary to refer to the context of strategy, as a key criterion for the success of business operations. In accordance with Waters (2006) the shape corporate strategy contains all the strategic decisions that affect the whole diversified corporation . In the above context, corporate strategy refers to a series of organisational problems, such as the following whizzs a) which part/ sector of the organization is of more importance for the organizations growth, b) at what level integration should become one of the organizations activities, c) how the growth of the organization can be secured especially in the long term, d) in which way the organizations mission could be achieved, e) how the strategies of the organizations different sectors can be combined so that organizational culture is secured, and so on. In other words, the corporate strategic history shows the methods used by the organization for promoting its culture and achieving its goals these methods can be differentiated across organizations in accordance with the conditions in the internal and external environment and also the aims and the values of each organization. It is clear that the strategic development history of successful corporations, like Virgin, can be identified in the practices these firms used non just for entering the global market but also for securing a long term growth as proved through the organizations current performance, analyzed in the section that follows. The strategy of Virgin has been considered as unique mostly in terms of its structure and operational processes. As already explained above, the group includes a

Ethics Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Case Study - Research Paper ExampleFor instance, they should neither be forced nor be subjected to undue influences. In this case, the churls mother was non informed (by day deal out center) of any mistreatment / ill-treatment / neglect regarding her beloved child hence, the principle of autonomy has been violated. The case comes under child abuse so it should be account to concerned authorities that would ban the license / registration of that center to avert any further fatalities, thereby manner of speaking infants / children. 1.2 - Principle of Non-mischief The next principle in bioethics is known as non-maleficence that focuses on the least harm to patients (intentionally). For instance, it should be pointed out that certain measures have to be interpreted that reduces the chance of harm to patients. In addition, the non-maleficence principle also overlaps with due care theory that endorses the idea of care to patients through use of precautionary measures. In this limited case of a child, the day care center certainly neither ensured least harm to the 8-month old nor cooperated with the mother by explaining the condition of her child. Therefore, the principle of non- maleficence is violated since maximum care was not provided to child during absence of her mother. 1.3 - Principle of Beneficence The third ethical principle is known as beneficence that refers to choosing the beat out option so that greatest good could be done for patients and possibility of evil could be minimized. In this particular case, the best option for day care personnel was to communicate and fully inform childs mother about the crying, unusual behavior and physical condition of her child so that she could interpret any immediate measures for rectification. Similarly, the best option for physician was to persuade mother to report the case before court of law instead of satisfying himself that it was not child abuse so it should not be reported. In this way, the princi ple of beneficence had been violated by the two parties and the childs mother secures salutary to report and request for punishment to culprits followed by payment of damages (x-ray expenses, physicians fees etc.). 1.4 - Principle of Justice Another most important principle of bioethics is the rightness ethical principle that states that the decision-makers should choose alternatives and make decisions that are fair and that could be justified for all those associated with that case or dilemma. In simple words, the decisions should comply with antithetic ethical approaches. Also, the just and ethical decisions avert the possibility of unrest in the society because the guilty is punished and innocents are protected. In this case, the actual loser in this case is the childs mother whose trust factor on day care center personnel was affected as well as she had to rush her injured child to hospital, thereby facing emotional and financial issues. Hence, it should be argued in the ligh t of justice approach that the decision should be reported so that the performance of childcare centers could be monitored (Hyden, 1999). For instance, the physicians should also be

Strategic Information System Essay Example for Free

Strategic Information System Essay1. IntroductionGiven the deepen of competition in the modern handicraft industry, it is essential for regulars to apply strategic use of information system (IS) to achieve combative advantage (CA).In the recent years, top management of inviolables render little interest in the relationship between IS functions and corporate strategy conveying to many problems because of ease upure in achieving strategies. consort to Holsapple (2000), modern organizations ar increasingly seen as fellowship-based enterprises in which proactive knowledge management is important for combativeness. One of the major factors in competitive environment is knowledge management and companies for achieving the competitive advantage should concentrate in its IS. IS plays an important role in business operations as well as fiscal and non-financial aspects of the firm such as decision making as a big role of management. There has a growing realization to make ISs of strategic terrificness to an organization in the 80s and 90s. Systems that shape or support business units competitive strategy ar cognise as Strategic IS (Callon 1996, an Neumann 1994). According to Turban et al (2006), SIS is the ability to significantly mixed bag the manner in which business is conducted in high society to get around the firm strategic advantage.Porter (1996) believes that competitive advantage is at the core of a firm success or failure, such advantage seeks lead to control the merchandise and to larger-than-average profits.This research paper provides information on how organizations apply strategic use of IS/It to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. This paper pays particular(a) attention to factors influencing the success or failure of organization attempts at assumeing or enhancing competitive advantages, and how competitive advantages can be sustained.1.1BackgroundIS is a set of interrelated elements that soak up (input), mani pulate (process), store, and disseminate (output) selective information and information and provide a reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective (refer to Figure 1).Figure 1.1 The Components of an Information SystemIS is a gang of peoples activities and information technologies that supports organisations operation and decisions making and strategies for competitive advantage. IS plays a vital role in business operation and financial and non-financial aspect such as decision-making.IS are classified either operations or management information systems. They are being grouped this way to pick up the major roles each plays in the operations and managements of a business.An Information System consists of cardinal basic resourcesi) People Resources (end users and IS specialist)ii) Software Resources (programs and procedures)iii) Hardware Resources (machines and medias)iv) Data Resources ( entropy and knowledge bases)v) mesh topology Resources (communications media and network support)SISs are systems used to supports or shape a business units competitive strategy (Callon, 1996, and Nerumann, 1944). It is characterised by its ability significantly revamp the way in which a business is conducted in order to provide the firm strategic advantage. SIS is classified by its ability to change the manner a business is conducted, in order to achieve strategic advantage for the firm (Turban et al, 2006). SISs play strategic roles helping firm to nominate competitive advantage or reduces competitive disadvantage by changing goals, products or processes through information systems.A competitive strategy is a broad-based law for how a business is going to compete, what its goals should be, and what plans and policies will be demand to carry out those goals (Porter, 1985). Through its competitive strategy, firms seek a competitive advantage in the industry advantage over competitors in measures such as cost, quality, or speed. The success or failure of a firm full y depends on its competitive advantage a procurest its competitors (Porter and Millar, 1985, and Porter, 1996), such advantage seeks to lead to control of the marker and to larger-than-average profits.Through contribution to strategic goals of an organization and ability to increase performance and productivity, SIS help an organization gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. SISs en up to(p) firms to gain competitive advantage and benefit greatly at the cost of those subjected to competitive disadvantage (Turban et al, 2006). SIS focus on improving the firms competitive position through increasing employees productivity, streamlining business processes and making mend decisions (Turban et al, 2006).An organization can survive and succeed in the large run as long as it rush effectively develops strategies to go up against the five competitive forces that shape the structure of competition in its industry.The Porter five competitive forces areBusinesses can counter th e threat of competitive forces in which they strikingness by follow outing one or more of the five basic competitive strategies.The five basic competitive strategies arei) Cost Leadership Strategyii) specialisation Strategyiii) Innovation Strategyiv) Growth Strategiesv) Alliance StrategyAn organization can counter the forces of competition from its competitors by implementing one, some or all the strategies in different degrees.2.Companies using IS/IT to gain competitive advantages2.1Cigna HealthCare CRM SystemIn 1999, Cigna HealthCare decided to upgrade its out visitd and almost extinct CRM system to repair the efficiency of business operations and then improving customer satisfaction. Cigna was operating nearly two-decade-old CRM systems to handle its workaday operation take aways. It had multiple units for different roles such as membership enrollment, processing medical claims and verifying customer eligibility and they were not interconnected. Furthermore, Cigna received n umerous complaints from doctors as the old and disintegrating processing systems delayed their medical benefits claim recompense and was heftily slapped with a US$ 300,000 fine on 29th January 2001.Cignas Chief Information Officer (CIO), Andrea Anania planned to combine the information from the different information systems and develops a crude integrated systems to handle all the process. Anania goal was for the CRM system to act like a one-stop portal, thus improving efficiency. Cigna awarded a budget of US$ 1 billion to develop the CRM system, which aims to reduce human intervention while speeding up the processing time of medical claims.During the implementation of the CRM, Cigna had a net deviation of US$ 398 gazillion for fiscal year 2002. This project had already exceeded the original budget of US$1 billion and had do substantial financial change to Cigna.2.2Bank of America MasterNet SystemBank of America (BoA) develop Master Net trust accounting system in 1982 with a plan completion date of 31 December 1984. MasterNet consist of a large trust accounting system, TrustPlus, and eight smaller systems that augmented the core system. In 1986, migration process was greatly touch by technical problems such as poor response time and day long system crashes. In 1988, BoA announced that its trust business was being given to a subsidiary as it could no longer handle the operation requirements after a $78 million loss in the MasterNet project. 2.3 American Airlines Knowledge caution SystemAmerican Airlines understand the needs to analyze data collected through their computing machine reservation system, cut, an automatise system with the ability to check flight and seats availability and making a reservation for customer developed in 1960s with IBM.In 1990, AA developed a knowledge management system, SMARTSTM (Sales Management and Report Tracking System) as a tool to leverage CRS reservation data and AA internal historical data on performance and boo kings. SMARTS is able to run analysis for AA to develop finely tailored scheme based on AAs market shares.The combination of SABRE and SMARTS creates the expertise developing capability for AA whose impact can be systematically assessed against the access to reservation system, which has become market-standard for competitive parity.2.4 Wal-Mart Point-of-Sale SystemSuccessful implementations of IS into daily practices take in aided Wal-Mart in their quest to give the position of low cost leader (Thomas Wailgum, 2007). Wal-Mart had adopted the point-of-sale system a computerized system which identifies gross sales of individualistic items, updates information into its server and modifies the on-hand quantity automatically. The system also analyzed data mined from the universal bar code and effectively transformed data collected from bar codes to useful information such as keeping track of sales trends for individual items as they are identified as an individual entity.2.5Lesso n Learned and Success FactorsThe author believed that the failure of Cigna CRM system was cod to poor leadership and communication skills of Cignas CIO. Anania did not consulted professional to devise the IT systems architecture required for transformation, instead she pooled 1400 employees from Cignas IT department and formed a team, made up of experienced project managers and new hires. Anania made an unethical decision to migrate 3.5 million customers data at one go instead of 10,000 per group to the new platform with out testing the integrity of the system due to pressing date lines leading to serious customer service problems surfacing immediately.As Cigna had lay off majority of its service center employee, believing that the new CRM will improved its productivity with lesser human input therefore leading to a shortage of experience staffs. Feedbacks and input from stakeholders was ignored by the managements during the exploitation of the system, thus leading to the down fa ll of the CRM system and hitting Cigna with substantial financial damaged. The author feels if Cignas management culture had led to the failure of the IS.MasterNet have a leader who have a vision of technology but was not well versed technically and was too involve in early(a) problems to focus on the project. BoA made two critical mistakes in handling of MasterNet. Firstly, BoA did not understand the difficulty involved and scope of MasterNet and sufficiently assess it risks when it was proposed. Secondly, BoA failed to take necessary fire-fighting actions when the project rolled out of control to minimize damage. The management only took notice of MasterNet when it performed so badly that it deserved $23 million loss. Many mistakes made with respect to MasterNet were not specifically related to IS.The combinations of SMARTS and SABRE have assisted AA to become a market-standard for competitive parity. SMARTS is a system with ability to organize data by city, zone and territory of sales representative with analytical and presentation capabilities. SMARTS was design to provide reliable detail information to sales representatives to influence conk out agencies behavior strategically. Previously, sales representatives doesnt have complete information about market shares and performance data of travel agencies in his territory and the job consisted mainly preserving a good working relationship with the travel agent.With the aid of SMARTS, the sales representatives are able to analyse market trends in detail and could easily identify opportunities than before, thus maximising productivity. Through the use of SMARTS system, AAs intangible sales knowledge is stird as it is able to interpret movements in share and market. Aside to that, SMARTS help representatives highlight weak markets to the travel agency mangers to focus on. According to Mr. Jack Williams, Senior Vice-President of AA, SMARTS have introduced a huge culture change in their sales-force associated with the leveraging of the expertise as a result of the information in the system thus bringing an enormous advantage to AA, not easily copied by their competitors.The introduction of the barcode system have help Wal-Mart to maintain its low cost leadership. This system helped Wal-Mart to speed up its stay cashier efficiency and eliminate problems of cashier keying in the wrong price for a product by scanning the barcode as previously the cashier have to manually key in the prices of all the goods according to the price tag. Aside to that, Wal-Mart was able to track its stock level and placed order when required. The system also has the ability to identify slow running products and prevents Wal-Mart from overstocking them. Through improving its information system, Wal-Mart has created a high barrier of entry for any company who wishes to enter the drawstring hyper-market industry.3.DiscussionFactors influencing organization to use IS as it business strategy are relatively depende nt on internal and external forces of the business surrounding environment (Bob William, 2009). intragroup forces that require considered and looked into are the occurrent financial position of the firm. Budget required for IS implementation are considerably high, management allocating the funds for investment must be ensured minimal or perfect deployment of the IS. On top of that, employees capabilities also plays an important role during IS implementation. Firm needs to ensure that employees are at least computer literate and will have no problem operating or accessing the new system, else additional cost may be bared by the firm for training. The firm also needs to access the efficiency and effectiveness of its existing system and whether there is a need to upgrade or revise the current system to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors.Changes in consumer tastes, preference and purchasing pattern are external factors driving organization to implement IS. Consumers are becoming more IT savvy and surveys have shown customer swaying their purchasing pattern to electronic purchase due to convenient and time saving (James D. Gwartney, 2006). Companies need to understand and study consumer expectation and needs in order to analyse and implement business strategies to ensure business growth.Therefore, both internal and external factors are important consideration for implementation of IS to gain a competitive advantage as they complement each other.From the above examples, correct implementation of IS will give the firm a competitive advantage over its competition. Firms must understand their position from Porters five competitive forces and develop strategies and counter it to maintain competitive.As Howard et al, (1999) believed that competitive advantage could be gained if strategy development and ISs design are addressed simultaneously. Porters model identifies five competitive forces that travel competitive advantage in the market place. In order to establish a profitable and sustainable position, company needs to develop strategies of performing activities otherwise from its competitors to overcome these five forces.Strategy Definition Example Strategic use of IS Business Benefits Cost Leadership Produce products and/or services at the final cost in the industry Dell Computer Online build to order Lowest-cost beginr Differentiation Offer different products, services, or product features Moen Inc Online customer design Increase in market share Innovation Introduce new products and services, put new features into existing products and services, or develop new ways to produce them American Airlines Analyse data Market Leadership Growth Increase market share, acquire more customers, or sell more products Wal-Mart Merchandise social club by global satellite network Market Leadership Alliance Work with business partners in partnerships, alliances, joint ventures, or virtual companies Wal-Mart/ Procter Gamble railway car inve ntory replenishment by supplier Reduced inventory cost/increased salesInformation systems can be used to help firms gain competitive advantage with the help of Porters competitive forces model for analyzing competitiveness and proper implementation of IS. According to Michael Porter, the main types of competitive advantage are low cost provider, differentiation and focus. Companies have use porters model to increase competitive edge and also demonstrated how IS can enhance competitiveness of corporation (Turban et al. 2006).Finally, firms need to sustain competitive advantages gained from the implementation of IS. In the real world, competitive advantage doesnt normally last very long and is generally not sustainable over the long term (OBrien 2011). When a firm gains competitive advantage over its competitors through innovation, competitors figure out how it was done through organizational learning. To neutralize the effect, competitors adopt the same or similar innovation and what was once a competitive advantage is now a competitive necessity. When these occur, firm needs to figure out new innovation to gain a competitive edge and the cycle starts.4.ConclusionTechnologies have changed the way business operates today. manual processes in the past are now being automated and electronic communications have been heavily introduced in todays business world. IS have evolved over the years and offer new possibilities to gain competitive advantage. Many businesses today have realized the important of technology and power it possess, but fail to understand the possible benefit achievable.The author learned that through proper planning and implementation of IS will lead to a competitive advantage gain for the organization. With the aid of IS, it will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of staff in the organization which in turn will save labor and consumable cost.5.ReferenceAhlemann Frederik. (2009). Towards a conceptual reference model for project management i nformation system. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 27, No.1, pp. 19-30Ankit Bhatnagar. (2006). Strategic Information System readying Alignment of IS/IT Planning and Business Planning, Unitee New Zealand.Amber S., Brooke W., Cheri E., Ismael M. Wesley B. (2011). Wal-Mart Information SystemBenjamin, R.I., D.W. Long, and M.S. Moron (1990). Electronic Data Interchange How Much Competitive Advantage?. Long Range Planning, 231, pp. 29-40.Bruns, W,J, and F,W, McFarlan (1987). Information Technology Puts Power in Control Systems, Harvard Business Review, Sep-Oct, pp. 89-94Callon, J. D., (1996). Competitive Advantage through Information Technology. New York McGraw Hill, USA.Christiaanse, Ellen., Venkatraman, N. (2002). Beyand Sabre An empricial testof expertise exploitation in electronic channels. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 15.38.Davenport, T.H., M. Hammer, and T.J. Metisto (1989). How Executives Can Shape Their Companys Information Systems, Harvard Business Review. H. Russell Johnston and Michael R. Vitale (1988). Creating Competitive Advantage With Inter-organizational Information Systems. MIS Quartely, Jun 1988, pp. 153-165.Ives B., and G. P. Learmouth (1984). The Information System as a Competitive Weapon. Communication of the ACMJeffery. G. Szilagyi. Bank of Americas Masternet System A Case study in Risk AssessmentJeremy A. (2011). Supply Chain Management at Wal-MartJohnston, H.R. and Carrico, S. R. (1988). Developing Capabilities to use Information Strategically. MIS Quarterly, pp. 37-48.Mahmood Hemmatfar (2010). Competitive Advantages and Strategic Information System. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 5, No 7, pp 158-169M. Vinaya Kumar (2007). CRM Implementation Failure at Cigna Corporation, ICFAI sum for Management Research.Porter, M. E. (1996). What is a Strategy? Harvard Business Review, November December 1996, pp 45-59.Porter, M. E. (2001). Strategic and the Internet. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp 62-74.Porter, M.E., and V. E. Millar (1985). How information gives you competitiveadvantage. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 149-158.Ross, J. W. et al. (1996). Develop Long-Term fight through IT Assets. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 60, No 4, pp. 132-148.Teo, T. S. H. (2000). Using the Internet for Competitve Intelligence in Singapore. Competitive Intelligence Review, Vol. 8 Issue 2, pp. 16-23.

Two Gender System Essay Example for Free

Two Gender System EssaySetting discover this boundary denies one the ability to express their versedity freely this may result in the discrimination and subordination of alternative forms of sexual practice that auberge does non deem as natural. In other words, individuals who do not classify themselves as belonging to the main types of sexual activity systems may be socially neglected and their sexuality, frowned upon. This essay will illustrate what society deems as natural and how the concept of sexuality and sexual diversity vary across cultures and historical periods. In addition, this paper will palisade that the two-sex systems embedded in our society be not adequate to encompass the full spectrum of human sexuality. The two-gender system is defined as the classification of sex and gender into two biologic categories of masculine and feminine a social boundary used to prevent people from crossing or mixing gender roles, where the society divides people into masc uline and fe manlike gender roles (Larkin, June. From lecture oct. 3, 2012). This binary system forces an individual to fit into one of the two categories of male or female.This bipolar categorizing of sexuality however does not and cannot encompass the full range of human sexuality. According to statistical analysis, it is said that out of 1,000 children born, seventeen children are intersexual (Fausto-Sterling, 2010, p. 14). The 1. 7 percent, though it is an estimate, is not a small number theses intersexual individuals will feel out of place and/or easily ill-fitting in society that imposes a two-sex system. In addition, children born with both male and female anatomies as well as genitals are more believably to develop grave psychological frameworks when forced to obey the socially real two-gender system.The genital ambiguity in newborns is seen to be a medical emergency and in most cases, the newborns undergo surgery. Psychologist Dr. canful Money further highlights this ar gument by claiming that gender identity can be changed and enforced upon up to eighteen months aft(prenominal) a baby is born (Fausto-Sterling, 2010, p. 15). In the case of John/Joan however, the sex reassignment was unsuccessful. The doctors performed the procedure on John, who then was surgically turned into Joan. The case, although codified as John/Joan, was actually about an adult male named David Reimer.David eventually turned to masculinising medication, rejected his female assignment, and committed suicide (Fausto-Sterling, 2010, p. 15). As one can learn from David Reimers case, children born with genital ambiguities are toned with confusion and psychological stress as they grow up. The two-gender system leaves no room for such people to freely express themselves and their sexuality. The patients in this case, upon being obliged to follow the decisions made by the physicians, are then expected to act natural in the gender that was elect for them.It is clear that the gender system embedded in society is not holistic enough for all humanity to truly express their full spectrum of sexuality. To void such conflicts and controversy, society should implement a wider, holistic perspective on gender and sexuality so various forms of intersexuality can be recognized and accepted as a both natural and normal way of life. Science, taking a biological approach to the topic of gender, inserts that gender and sexuality is strictly indomitable by the innate biological organs that one is born with.Ajnesh Prasad, in an attempt to supplement this argument, claims that sexual difference is commonly experienced as carve up of ontology rather than epistemology, as part of nature instead of culture (Prasad, 2005, p. 80). Other scholars however, argue for both a cultural and a historical perspective in explaining this gender ambiguity. The cultural view is related to the historical perspective in that while colonizers took over these already domesticated societies, they enforced strict cultural gender roles and sexual copulations in order to reflect what they deemed was natural.For example, when the English settlers invaded North America, they took it as one of their primary goals to colonize the way these indigenous people dealt with sexual relations and gender the western majesticismgovernance of sexual relations was central in classifying the colonizer and the colonized into spheres of distinct human kinds while policing the domestic recesses of imperial rule (Prasad, 2005, p. 81). The gender role that was enforced was one of heterosexuality the argument that men should act masculine and females, feminine.Previously existing practices that did not reflect this Westernized public opinion of heterosexuality was heavily frowned upon and neglected. This ultimately led to the subordination of other such frameworks pertaining to gender and/or sexual relations. Historical events thus as evidence from the settlement of indigenous people, renders con crete that gender is not a concept that is biologically determined, but one that implemented and reinforced through culture. Moreover, the native settlers rarely linked, biological sex, gender, and sexual activity together.These Native cultures were not divided up between heterosexuals and homosexuals as contemporary Western societies were, and in their culture, cross-working and cross-dressing men and women belonged to the other gender or to a third gender that either combined male and female features Encounters were made with male and female berdache meaning prostitute. These berdache were cross dressing, cross-working people who constituted a third gender of fourth gender in some of these indigenous cultures (Kinsman, 1996, p. 92).There were not just two gender groups, but three or four gender groups for biological females, and these alternate-gendered people were seen as combining the spirits of the other two genders (Kinsman, 1996, p. 93). Furthermore, the societal notion of wh at composes a widely accepted gender and sexual relation is extensively dependent on the culture and the fabrication of historical intervention. In conclusion, the two-gender system advocates the individuals in society to be defined as either male or female and sets limitations for individuals who do not fit into specific categories imposed on them.As a result, intersexuals or individuals born with genital ambiguity face discrimination and is forced to accept what is widely accepted as natural gender in society. Moreover, taking a scientific approach to gender, many argue that sexuality is determined by nature, what genitalia one is born with, but taking on a historical and cultural view, the issue bag to differ. As seen from the indigenous people and the way how two-spirited gender roles work in their society illustrates that the concept of gender is not singular and is determined by culture and society one is exposed in.The two-sex system enclosed in society is not adequate to enc ompass various forms of sexuality, so rather than confining ones view to societys ways, we should raise awareness for wider perspective on gender and sexuality to allow various forms of sexuality can be recognized.

Psychology and Care Plan Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Cargon Plan EssayQuestions1 Be able to assess the teaching inevitably of children or young people and repare a development plan.1.1 Explain factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development.* Progress* Improvement* Behaviours* Look at goals within care plan are they on track?* What activities they are partaking in and how well are they dealing with them.* Whether they are interested, compliant and accepting or not.1.2 Assess a child or young persons development in following areas - physical, communication, intellectual/ cognitive, social, emotional and behavioural and moral. A) Please name attached sheets of evidence (Daily academic session record and behaviour tick sheet)1.3 Explain the selection of assessment methods used. A) These methods are used to monitor mood, behaviour, what the young person has been doing during that session also the date and duration of the session, so we tail end monitor if something is a regular occurren ce on or at a certain time of day (looking for patterns).1.4 Develop a plan to meet the needs of a child or young person in the work setting. A) Please strike attached care plan1 Be able to promote the development of children or young people2.5 Implement the development plan for a child or young person according to own Role and responsibilities, taking into account that development is holistic and interconnected. * Monitor the care plan on a daily basis to be aware of any changes and implement if necessary. * If I notice certain areas of the care plan are not workings efficiently to meet the needs of the young person and could be improved upon it is my responsibility to report this back to the correct senior member of staff, so they can fall over and update if necessary. * When working with the young person if I notice any changes/ unusual behaviours to report to senior.2.6 Evaluate and revise the development plan in light of implementation. A) In reading the care plan since it was last reviewed I would advise it does need an update in regards of - * The YPs acquiring up in the morning as states that he is not good at getting up, but now is a lot better and tends to get straight up and for a shower with no issues and with little prompting. * The care plan states what the YP likes for breakfast but does not state that he also likes to make it himself. * Again stating the YP is getting better at going out and likes to go out, but doesnt state specific preferences as he particularly likes to go to the park on the swings. * In the care plan I occupy noticed it doesnt make aware that the YP finds his PECS strip useful at times or else of verbal communication and also avoids confusion with the YP * All others areas of the care plan remain unchanged at this time but will continue to review and monitor, so that any changes can be implemented asap to enable improvement and progress for the YP.2.3- Explain the importance of a person centred and inclusive progr ess and give examples of how this is implemented in own work. * To meet the INDIVIDUAL needs of the Young person to ensure they are gaining all the positive outcomes and influences just about them and developing at their individual pace. * Individual care plans of which the Young person has input * Following and adhering to the care plans* Residential meetings asking the young people if they are happy with surroundings, if not what they would like to change. * Giving the YPs choices of meals, activities and clothing to show individuality and personality2.4 Observation2.5 Encourage children or young people to actively participate in decisions modifying their lives and the services they receive according to their age and abilities.* Residential meetings* Asking likes and dislikes* Giving choices around personal hygiene/ dietary needs* Giving choice in social activities* Choice of clothing for personal identity* Supporting in finance matters, giving them a choice what to drop off their personal finances on.* Given as much choice and inclusion in decisions to meet individual needs2 Be able to act to inappropriate behaviour3.7 Explain the features of an environment or service that promotes the development of children and young people. A) Within the service to be aware through care plans of the instigate points of YPs that initiate the inappropriate behaviour B) To be aware through the care plan how best to respond to the individual to defuse inappropriate behaviour C) Use positive reinforcement and praise when individual responds well and behaviour improves, hopefully modify young person to develop and recognise themselves that the inappropriate behaviour is not rewarded or acceptable, hopefully making the occurrence of inappropriate behaviour less often.3.8 mirror image3 Understand how working practices can disturb on the development of children and young people.4.9 Explain how own working practice can affect children and young peoples development. * My varied approaches and attitude can affect the YPs mood, behaviour etc as if I appear abrupt or aggressive in manner it may cause the YP to become aggressive themselves or non-cooperative and act out. * If I do not follow care plan this may have an effect on the YP as I am not meeting their specific needs which may cause agitation as they may not be getting what they need. * If I follow the care plans and have a happy positive attitude towards the YP it is more likely they will be content.4.10 Explain how institutions, agencies and services can affect children and young peoples development. A) They can have a positive effect on development by setting guidelines and standards to follow that are suitable for the individuals needs and ensuring reviews are do regularly to keep up to date with any changes and ensuring all the services etc are working with one another with a clear exchange of teaching to be able to work towards a common goal for the best outcome for the individua ls development. B) If the above did not happen it would have a negative effect on the individual as no one could assure them that the quality of standards and individual needs are being met and this would have a negative impact on their development as structure and communication is key.4 Be able to support children and young peoples positive behaviour 5.11 observation 5.12 Evaluate different approaches to supporting positive behaviour. A) When using different approaches such as verbally praising and positive actions to reinforce positive behaviour, this encourages positive responses and outcomes enabling them to complete set tasks and activities within their care plan.5 Be Able to support children and young people experiencing transitions 6.13 Explain how to support children and young people experiencing different types of transitions. A) Being aware of the YPs fears and concerns of the transition by communicating with them. B) Explaining the reason to the YP of why transition taking place C) By providing initial support and on-going if requiredD) Accompany them during transition E) Make others aware of the concerns/ support needs the YP may have F) On-going discussions with the YP to allow them to express any fears or concerns with an on-going transition.

Starbucks Pricing and Promotion Strategies

Starbucks Pricing and Promotion StrategiesStarbucks has always been the venue one would receive the best coffees. However, in the 1970s, one had to travel solely the way to their one and notwithstanding store in Seattle Historic Pike Place Market. The name Starbucks rose from the classic American novel, Herman Melvilles Moby Dick. Thanks to Howard Schultz, Starbucks eventually expand out of Seattle in the 1990s. First to the United States and eventually out to the rest of the innovation. Now, Starbucks has more than 9000 locations in over 30 countries. non only that, Starbucks now serves espresso, lattes, Frappucino and m any(prenominal) another(prenominal) interesting beverages.MARKET TARGETINGStarbucks initially targeted youth college students, social classes, and neighborhoods that would be ready to the idea of buying a $6 coffee and spending m with friends at their stores.With rapid growth and expansion, Starbucks target market expanded rapidly to include every individual of every age. In the foreign countries, they began targeting small towns, campestral communities, ethnic neighborhoods, highway rest stops, etc.In Singapore, Starbucks started their target from the office workers who would need a good coffee while in a go to work. Following that, practically every individual of every age became their target. However, in Singapore, we still can see that only those very sociable, well-aw argon of good coffee and schoolboyish tend to hang-out at Starbucks. We rarely see the elderly or a family sitting in Starbucks for coffee.Starbucks marketing strategy involved positioning its losss as a place where consumers can spend time other than their home or work. Each of its stores was made as comfortable and relaxing as possible. Not only that, they tried to make it accessible and readily available where most people go to relax. For example, shopping malls, where most friends choose to hang-out especially the ladies. And, ladies as we all know, are very sophisticated people who would like everything good and of top-class qualityThe coffee giant achieved the comforts through comfortable furniture and relaxing music. Over the past some(prenominal) years, Starbucks also included offerings such as wireless internet, handicapped access, complimentary books, and common areas for collaboration. While Starbucks stores are positioned as locations where customers can spend time in a comfortable setting, their product lines are positioned at the higher end in regards to prices and quality.PRICING STRATEGIESStarbucks products are priced higher than most other brand coffees payable to the image its brand carries. However, they knew just how to put a higher price and yet get their targeted market to buy their coffees without thinking twice. Starbucks began to offer $1 deep 8 oz. cup of coffee, with unlimited refills that cost approximately 50 cents less than any other Starbucks products. They also implemented value strategies that emphasized more on in valuable products rather than being perceived as unaffordable to price-skittish consumers. For example, the introduction of the $3.95 breakfast pairings, including popular breakfast items paired with a coffee, and highlights $2 brewed coffees instead of the more expensive specialty drinks.When quality becomes the desire of the target market, then pricing is no longer much of an issue. That is somewhat the case for Starbucks. They have created such an capture the Starbucks experience that most of their customers go back to them for their coffees because of the ambience, comfort and their great coffee, even if they could get an almost similar coffee for half the price at some other coffee outlet.PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIESStarbucks has implemented numerous promotions to reach its targeted market. One of the promotions that Starbucks has used is the Starbucks Card. Starbucks Card is a technique that gives customers the opportunity to promote Starbuckss products through a refer ral system. When a customer purchases a gift bankers bill, it not only shows brand loyalty, but it also provides the company with free advertising, and brings in new customers. Starbucks also provides a card for corporate gross sales, which are used for extrinsic rewards to show employee appreciation for a job well done, or a gift to a client.Another promotional implementation is that they deliver coffees to offices or work places without any coffee size restrictions. There are very few or rare coffee outlets that are willing to deliver without placing any conditions or restrictions.Thirdly, they appeal to a diverse customer base by offering international teas and coffees to accommodate those customers that want a taste from home or for locals that enjoy tea.Lastly, using the aid of performing a good deed as a means for promotion Starbucks contributes to some(prenominal) non-profit organizations as a way to mitigate brand image and awareness in local communities.DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANNELSStarbucks formed some business alliances with certain(prenominal) organizations to further promote its brand. One of these alliances formed was Barnes Noble Bookstores in the year 1993. Both companies were able to promote their brand and at the same time improve their image. Starbucks also formed alliances with United Airlines in 1996 and now, their coffees are served on the United Airlines. Not only that, Starbucks has made alliances with many other organizations through which, it has improved its branding, sales and image.RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTSStarbucks should continue to carry their rare and unique variety of food and drink products. New and different combinations should be take ind frequently and the products that deliver the best results should be retained and added to the permanent menu. The line of personal equipment products by Starbucks can be extended and offered at the retail level or on the companys web site. Starbucks could introduce a line o f premium fruit drinks.Starbucks could re-design its outlets at the more popular places to be larger and cozy at the same time. They could change the size of the outlet thats most popular to hold at least double the number of customers their normal outlets do. These new designs should incorporate a comfortable feel for the customer and sanction large gatherings. In the targeted areas, the new store should be able to accommodate a small conference of up to 15 people. Ultimately, what they should achieve is the ability to force business meetings, book signings and much more.Thirdly, customers can be rewarded with free cups of coffee for accumulating a certain amount of points on their Starbucks card and coupons could be issued.Another recommendation is that television commercials be shown creating a distinct difference between Starbucks and their closest competitors. The point must be driven that premium coffee shipped from around the world cannot be substituted by others.Starbucks could also sponsor events that are in line with the interests of customers who purchase premium products. This would include sponsoring professional golfing events, college games, the arts and business conventions. College students, young professional adults and those with more disposable income should be targeted.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, Starbucks has made quite a benchmark in its coffee business through paying attention marketing strategies. Despite not being very upfront in terms of its service, they still are a brand that is not comparable with any other coffee brand. This is because, the ambience and atmosphere that one finds in a Starbucks outlet is rarely found in any other coffee outlet. Not only that, their extensive and unique coffee is another very attractive marketing strategy.

Damage to the Environment Due To Living Standards

Damage to the Environment callable To Living StandardsDamage to environment is an inevitable offspring of worldwide improvement in the standard of livingThe environment is where we all meet where all have a mutual interest it is the one thing that we all sh atomic number 18. Lady biddy Johnson.The highly development of science and technology thing effects the living standard a lot. Nowadays people suffer from so many problems for event air pollution, the explosive expansion of population and the deterioration of environment. The environment is formed of the land, air and water in which people, animals and plants live. A lot of changes move out place in environment daily. Such environmental changes are affecting a persons life. Pollution is the most important factor that makes environment dirty by adding destructive nerve center to it. Pollution make imbalance in the environment and also in human beings life. It is the common problem or we toilette say it is the crisis situati on which is throe by all the world. The main types of pollutions are water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution and land pollution which continuously pollutes our surrounding. So here I would resembling to frame the light on this matter that how media, public and government put their efforts for solving the environmental issues. roughly people says that the damage to the environment is an inevitable consequence of economics development .To begin with, let us k directly what are the ca parts of environment. The causes are firstly over population, the growing population has resulted in over use of the natural resources identical tree, land, water, air, petroleum etc. Secondly, the cutting down of more and more trees causing forest area decreasing and species are extinct. During the process of minelaying people cut forests on a large scale and degrade the land as well as forests. The farmers also adopting shift farming techniques receivable to which they cuts down the forest land. In shift farming technique, farmers cut a small piece of forest land for cultivation. They grow crops in that land for a short time(i.e. for 3 to 4 months) and then cut their crops. Then they move to a nonher place in the forest and cut trees for another crops. this shifting up of farming is known as shift farming. Due to this reasons the whole food ecosystem of forest disturbs and leads to the extinction of species. Cutting down of trees also lead to climatic changes and dismission of green house gases. Another cause which adversely affected the environment is industrial development and green revolution .Many large scale industries emit harmful gases which causes many diseases such as lung cancer, cutis cancer and asthma problemsTo add on further, in that respect are also other causes of pollution ie depletion of ozone layer. Due to increase in the quality of CHLORO FLOURO carbons, the ozone layer depleting. Ozone layer protect us from the ultra violet rays which are comi ng from the sun. This layer absorbs the UV rays and protect us. As the smoke coming out from vehicles and industries, refrigeration and air conditions and use of harmful products slowly being destroy ozone layer. The depilation of the ozone layer could result in skin diseases and also have a great effect on our eyes .However, the increase in pollution has resulted in global warming. The sudden rise in the average temperature of air and sea on earths surface is known as global warming. There are so many causes of global warming. When oil, gas, dodo fuels and coal burns, the carbon in it combines with air and which increase the temperature of air and sea on the earth surface. In developed countries, coal is used in a wide level to produce electricity .So when coal burns it produces lot of harmful gases which was absorbed in the oxygen and air .In Australia and England the greenhouse gasses mostly comes from the burning of fossil fuels and coal as both are the main source to produce electricity. It is recorded that Australia uses 77% of coal to produce electricity. Because of this reason the ice-caps in the Polar regions would pass off and it would result in the rise of the water level of seas and oceans. A time entrust come when the whole earth submerge in water. At last, callable to overgrazing, soil erosion, acid rain, landslides, volcanic eruption pollutes the environment. we know Their is no doubt that there are number of causes which are the huge problem for the environment. But now there is need of sustainable development Today in this era, with the efforts of our young generation, scientific techniques, public, media and the rules of the government playing a significant role to not repeal but handle the problems of our environment. Out of these, media plays a vital role in the field of environmental issues .2In developed countries and urban areas, the use of print, broadcast and internet media can be a great way to increase education and awareness by working with the media, government agencies and non profit organizations can help spread their meat, either by holding press briefings, issuing printed press releases, or even setting up online databases that can be used as information centres. nurture centres can also help to both the public and journalists about environmental issues. Media also arrange awareness programs in rural area where people are illiterate and do not know about how to save our environment. They can also make some small movies in which they can send message to society for saving our environment, make some agendas like save water and plant more trees. They must contain some knowledge about floriculture so that they can use appropriate methods and techniques instead the use of fertilisers and pesticides which pollute not even the crops but land also. The main purpose of media is firstly, they provide the tidings about the problems which are facing the people in the world. Another motive is, to helps to educate the people about environmental issue by creating educational campaigns, fork over operations, programs like dramas and serial which helps the people to aware.Furthermore, 30% of the worlds population is under the age of eighteen, according to UNEO, which is why educating children and young adults about environmental problems is crucial to long-term success. This will help them foster a sense of responsibility so that when they becomes adults they will make choices that help the environment rather than harm it. Many school, however, do not currently teach their students about environmental issues. Integrating environmental education into current science classes or teaching environmental science as a separate discipline is one of the best ways to educate children and teens about environmental problems, particularly if the classes involve some sort of hands on learning, like to make small gardens and watering the plants or caring for an animal3.Public should know about the env ironmental issues and put some steps to clean and save our environment. Celebrities should also put their efforts and participates openly with the public to aware them. People should complained to police if someone in their locality pollutes the environment. Every person in this world have to put some efforts and performed hisher duty to solve this problem. Like a forestation should be done on large scale and people should use public vehicle instead of clannish vehicles. Water treatment plants should be installed in all industrial areas. Garbage should be thrown in proper place. Water which we used for washing vegetables may be used to watering the plants in the garden. Hunting should be banned for the safety of animals. Last but not the least, reduce, reuse and recycle should be our mantra preferably of it, government can also play unique identity in improving the environmental issues in every country such as there should be strict law if people pollute environment. If some poll ute the environment, then fines would be charged so that they cant ever repeat the said(prenominal) mistake in future. Environment education should be compulsory in all the fields of education. Laws for industrial units should be strictly implemented so that begrime water is not disposed off directly into rivers and lakes .So Government should also ban the use of plastic bags. In all rural areas there should be proper sewerage and purifier water treatment plants for saving the water. Wildlife sanctuaries should be established for the protection of animals and forests.By winding up the idea, it seems to me that environmental problem is the worrying strike and individuals have a primary role in joining hands with the government in saving environment.Humans are responsible for a sort of environmental problems, but we can also take steps to reduce the damage that we are causing to the planet. This essay discuss environmental problems and the measures that governments and individuals can take to cope up with these problems. Gas emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles lead to global warming, which may have a serious effects on the planet in the future. so our life is in our hands we have to think before use.References1.global warming(only definition)-http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming2, 3-in this i use my B.sc- 1st semester book ie environmental studies